ABSTRACT
Introducción. La actividad física durante el embarazo puede ser útil para la prevención de complicaciones gestacionales. Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de actividad física en mujeres gestantes adultas en Colombia y evaluar los factores asociados con su práctica. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis secundario de la información recolectada en la Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional en Colombia del 2015. La muestra incluyó 906 mujeres gestantes. La actividad física en los dominios de tiempo libre, transporte y global se evaluó con la versión larga del International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Los factores asociados se evaluaron mediante modelos de regresión binomial negativa. Resultados. La prevalencia del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física en las participantes fue de 12,57 % (IC95% 8,41-18,38), 28,66 % (IC95% 23,29-34,70) y 36,33 % (IC95% 30,92-42,11) en los dominios de tiempo libre, transporte y global, respectivamente. Los factores asociados con el dominio de tiempo libre fueron: residir en Bogotá (razón de prevalencia, RP=2,41; IC95% 1,16-4,99), encontrarse en el tercer trimestre de la gestación (RP=2,13; IC95% 1,17-3,87), disponer de programas de actividad física dirigida (RP=1,75; IC95% 1,07-2,87), nivel educativo de secundaria (RP=0,51; IC95% 0,29-0,91), y pertenecer a los cuartiles de riqueza dos (RP=0,45; IC95% 0,24-0,81), tres y cuatro (RP=0,43; IC95% 0,23-0,80). Los factores asociados con el transporte fueron: tener, por lo menos, un hijo (RP=1,60; IC95% 1,14-2,24), residir en Bogotá (RP=1,84; IC95% 1,23-2,73), convivir con compañero sentimental (RP=0,66: IC95% 0,49-0,89) y haber asistido a entre uno y cuatro controles prenatales (RP=0,53; IC95% 0,37-0,76). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la actividad física en mujeres gestantes colombianas es preocupantemente baja. Se requiere la implementación de programas y proyectos orientados a la promoción de la actividad física durante el embarazo.
Introduction: Physical activity during pregnancy can be useful in the prevention of gestational complications. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of physical activity in adult Colombian pregnant women and its associated factors. Materials and methods: A secondary analysis of data from the 2015 National Nutrition Survey in Colombia was conducted. The total sample included 906 pregnant women. Leisure-time, commuting, and global physical activity were measured with the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Factors associated with PA were evaluated through negative binomial regression models. Results: The prevalence of physical activity in pregnant women was 12.57% (95% CI=8.41- 18.38), 28.66% (95% CI=23.29-34.70), and 36.33% (95% CI=30.92-42.11) in the leisuretime, commuting and global domains, respectively. Factors associated with leisure-time physical activity were living in Bogotá (prevalence ratio, PR=2.41; 95% CI=1.16-4.99), being in the third gestational trimester (PR=2.13; 95% CI=1.17-3.87), obtaining access to physical activity programs (PR=1.75; 95% CI=1.07-2.87), having a high school education (PR=0.51; 95% CI=0.29-0.91), and being in the second (PR=0.45; 95% CI=0.24-0.81), third and fourth quartiles of wealth (PR=0.43; 95% CI=0.23-0.80). Factors associated with physical activity while commuting were having at least one child (PR=1.60; 95% CI=1.14-2.24), living in Bogotá (PR=1.84; 95% CI=1.23-2.73), living with a partner (PR=0.66; 95% CI=0.49-0.89), and completing between one and four prenatal care sessions (PR=0.53; 95% CI=0.37-0.76). Conclusions: The prevalence of physical activity in pregnant Colombian women is worryingly low. Programs and projects aimed at promoting physical activity during pregnancy are needed.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Exercise , Public Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Maternal Health , Leisure ActivitiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of the promotion of physical activity during recess on the levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and adiposity of Colombian students. METHODS Three schools were randomly selected by an intervention group in Bogotá, Colombia, in 2013: Intervention (Active Module of Active Recess - MARA) + Text Messages (SMS) (MARA+SMS group), intervention (MARA group), control (control group). Intervention was implemented for ten weeks. The duration and intensity of physical activity and sedentary behaviors were measured objectively using accelerometers Actigraph-GT3X+. Adiposity was measured by body mass index and fat percentage. We measured at baseline (T0) and during the tenth week of intervention (T1). We evaluated the effect of the intervention using a difference-in-difference analysis (DID). RESULTS We included 120 students (57.5% girls; mean age = 10.5 years; standard deviation [SD] = 0.64). There was a significant increase in the mean daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity in the MARA group (Difference T1-T0 = 6.1 minutes, standard error [SE] = 3.49, p = 0.005) in relation to the control group. There were no significant changes in the minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity in the MARA+SMS group (Difference T1-T0 = -1.0 minute; SE = 3.06; p = 0.363). The minutes decreased in the control group (Difference T1-T0 = -7.7 minutes; SE = 3.15; p = 0.011). The minutes of sedentary behaviors decreased in the MARA and MARA+SMS groups and increased in the control group (MARA Difference T1-T0 = -15.8 minutes; SE = 10.05; p= 0.279; MARA+SMS Difference T1-T0 = -11.5 minutes; SE = 8.80; p= 0.869; Control Difference T1-T0 = 10.9 minutes; SE = 9.07; p = 0.407). There was a higher participation in the MARA group in relation to the MARA+SMS group (MARA group = 34.4%; MARA+SMS group = 12.1%). There were no significant changes in adiposity at 10 weeks according to difference-in-differences analysis (body mass index p: ΔMARA+SMS group versus Δcontrol group = 0.945, ΔMARA group versus Δcontrol group = 0.847, ΔMARA+SMS group versus ΔMARA group = 0.990; FP p ΔMARA+SMS group versus Δcontrol group = 0.788, ΔMARA group versus Δcontrol group = 0.915, ΔMARA+SMS group versus ΔMARA group = 0.975). CONCLUSIONS The Active Module of Active Recess is a promising strategy to increase physical activity levels and decrease sedentary behavior in students. The addition of Text Messages was not associated with increased moderate to vigorous physical activity or changes in adiposity.
RESUMEN OBJETIVO Examinar el efecto de una intervención de promoción de actividad física durante el recreo en los niveles de actividad física, comportamientos sedentarios y adiposidad de los escolares de Colombia. MÉTODOS Tres colegios fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención en Bogotá, Colombia en el 2013: Intervención (Módulo Activo Recreo Activo - MARA)+Mensajes de Texto (SMS) (grupo MARA+SMS), intervención (grupo MARA), control (grupo de control). La intervención se implementó durante 10 semanas. La duración e intensidad de actividad física y comportamientos sedentarios se midieron objetivamente usando acelerómetros Actigraph-GT3X+. La adiposidad se midió mediante índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa. Se realizaron mediciones en línea de base (T0) y durante la décima semana de intervención (T1). El efecto de la intervención se evaluó utilizando un análisis de diferencia-en-diferencias (ADD). RESULTADOS Fueron incluidos 120 escolares (57,5% niñas; edad promedio = 10,5 años; desviación estándar [DE] = 0,64). Hubo un aumento significativo en el promedio diario de minutos de actividad física moderada-vigorosa en el grupo MARA (Diferencia T1-T0 = 6,1 minutos; error estándar [EE] = 3,49; p = 0,005) con respecto al grupo de control. No se observaron cambios significativos en los minutos de actividad física moderada-vigorosa en el grupo MARA+SMS (Diferencia T1-T0 = -1,0 minuto; EE = 3,06; p = 0,363). En el grupo de control los minutos disminuyeron (Diferencia T1-T0 = -7,7 minutos; EE = 3,15; p = 0,011). Los minutos de comportamientos sedentarios disminuyeron en los grupos MARA y MARA+SMS y aumentaron en el grupo de control (MARA Diferencia T1-T0 = -15,8 minutos; EE = 10,05; p = 0,279; MARA+SMS Diferencia T1-T0 =-11,5 minutos; EE = 8,80; p = 0,869; Control Diferencia T1-T0 = 10,9 minutos; EE = 9,07; p = 0,407). Se registró mayor participación en el grupo MARA respecto al grupo MARA+SMS (grupo MARA = 34,4%; grupo MARA+SMS = 12,1%). No hubo cambios significativos en adiposidad en las diez semanas según análisis de diferencia-en-diferencias (índice de masa corporal p: Δgrupo MARA+SMS versus Δgrupo de control = 0,945, Δgrupo MARA versus Δgrupo control = 0,847, Δgrupo MARA+SMS versus Δgrupo MARA = 0,990; PG p Δgrupo MARA+SMS versus Δgrupo control = 0,788, Δgrupo MARA versus Δgrupo control = 0,915, Δgrupo MARA+SMS versus Δgrupo MARA = 0,975). CONCLUSIONES El Módulo Activo Recreo Activo es una estrategia prometedora para incrementar los niveles de actividad física y disminuir comportamientos sedentarios en escolares. Adicionar Mensajes de Texto no se asoció con incremento de actividad física moderada-vigorosa o en cambios en adiposidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Students/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/physiology , Adiposity , Sedentary Behavior , Health Promotion/methods , Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Health Behavior , Body Mass Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Colombia , Text MessagingABSTRACT
Abstract The characteristics of parks (availability, accessibility, conservation, quality, safety, etc.) are important predictors of their use for physical activity practices. The aim of this study was to verify the association among the socioeconomic level of neighborhoods, the characteristics and quality of urban public parks for physical activity in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Cross-sectional study, conducted in 2015, in which 10 parks with structures for physical activity were evaluated. The socioeconomic level of the district was evaluated based on the neighborhoods around the parks and classified in "low" and "high". The number of residents in the surrounding area of parks were evaluated with Geographic Information System (GIS), site characteristics and quality with the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), respectively. The association was analyzed with Mann Whitney U test and Spearman correlation (rho) on STATA 14 and the significance level was maintained at 5%. A positive association was found between the socioeconomic level and the presence of walking paths (marginal, p=0.056), accessibility (rho=0.875; p=0.001) and general quality of parks (rho=0.657; p=0.039). The low socioeconomic level was associated with the presence of sports courts (p=0.032). These results can guide the actions of public managers for the modification of the built environment and structures of the parks for physical activity.
Resumo As características dos parques (disponibilidade, acessibilidade, conservação, qualidade, segurança, etc.) são importantes preditores da sua utilização para a prática de atividades físicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o nível socioeconômico dos bairros com as características e a qualidade dos parques públicos urbanos para a prática de atividades físicas em Bucaramanga, Colômbia. Estudo transversal, realizado em 2015, no qual foram avaliados 10 parques com estruturas para atividades físicas. O nível socioeconômico da região foi avaliado com base nos bairros próximos aos parques e classificado em "baixo" e "alto". O número de residentes próximos foi avaliado com o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), as características do local e a qualidade foram avaliadas, respectivamente, com o System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) e o Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA). A associação foi analisada com o teste U de Mann Whitney e a correlação de Spearman (rho) no STATA 14 e o nível de significância mantido em 5%. Foi verificada associação positiva entre o nível socioeconômico e a presença de pistas de caminhada (marginal, p=0,056), acessibilidade (rho=0,875; p=0,001) e qualidade geral dos parques (rho=0,657; p=0,039). O baixo nível socioeconômico foi associado à presença de quadras para esportes (p=0,032). Esses resultados podem orientar as ações dos gestores públicos para a modificação do ambiente construído e estruturas dos parques para a atividade física.
Subject(s)
Socioeconomic Factors , Exercise , Urban AreaABSTRACT
This study aimed to develop the logic model of the Recreovía program in Bogota, Colombia. The logic model was developed based on the manual of the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with indicators of resources, activities and short- and long-term results. Mixed methods were used for data collection and analysis. Human, physical and financial resources, as well as collaborators of the program, were identified, besides the activities defined according to the program aims. In conclusion, the program emphasizes the processes and actors for their operation and maintenance, and recognizes future challenges for physical activity promotion in Bogota.
Este estudo objetivou desenvolver o modelo lógico do programa Recreovía de Bogotá, Colômbia. O modelo lógico foi desenvolvido com base no manual do Centro de Controle e Prevenção de Doença (CDC), com indicadores de recursos, atividades e resultados a curto, médio e longo prazo. Foram utilizados métodos mistos convergentes para a coleta e análise dos dados. Foram identificados os recursos humanos, físicos, financeiros e colaboradores do programa, além das atividades realizadas e resultados definidos de acordo com os objetivos do programa. Em conclusão, o programa ressalta os processos e atores para o seu funcionamento e manutenção, assim como identifica os desafios futuros para a promoção da atividade física em Bogotá.
Subject(s)
Recreation , Social Planning , Physical Fitness , Green Areas , Parks, Recreational , Data Analysis , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000, and World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 body mass index (BMI) classification systems in terms of prevalence estimation and association with demographic factors. METHODS: The 18 265 children and adolescents ages 5 to 18 years (mean = 11.2 years, standard deviation = 3.9 years) in the nationally representative Colombian National Nutrition Survey of 2005 were classified as overweight or obese according to IOTF, CDC, and WHO criteria. Prevalence estimates were compared according to each system and associations with age, sex, socioeconomic status, and population density were tested. RESULTS: Prevalence estimates of combined overweight and obesity differed by system (males: IOTF = 8.5%, CDC = 10.8%, WHO = 14.1%; females: IOTF = 14.6%, CDC = 13.8%, WHO = 17.1%; P < 0.001). The association between combined overweight and obesity and age and sex varied by system. The odds of having overweight and obesity in children (5 to 10 years) compared with adolescents (11 to 18 years) were: IOTF, odds ratio (OR) = 0.87 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77-0.98; CDC, OR = 1.27 and CI = 1.14-1.42; WHO, OR = 1.21 and CI = 1.08-1.35. The values for females compared with males were: IOTF, OR = 1.84 and CI = 1.6-2.10; CDC, OR = 1.33 and CI = 1.17-1.51; WHO, OR = 1.25 and CI = 1.12-1.41. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of consistency among the three main international systems in assessing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Appreciably different estimates of prevalence and associations with age and sex are obtained depending on which system is used. Future studies should assess how well each system reflects valid measures of body composition.
OBJETIVO: Comparar los sistemas de clasificación de los índices de masa corporal (IMC) del Grupo de Trabajo Internacional sobre la Obesidad (IOTF) de 2005, de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de 2000, y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de 2007, en cuanto a la estimación de la prevalencia y la asociación con factores demográficos. MÉTODOS: Los 18 265 niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos y de edades comprendidas entre 5 y 18 años (media = 11,2 años, desviación estándar = 3,9 años) que participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia del 2005, representativa a escala nacional, fueron clasificados como afectados de sobrepeso u obesidad según los criterios del IOTF, los CDC y la OMS. Se compararon los cálculos de la prevalencia según cada sistema y se analizaron las asociaciones con la edad, el sexo, la situación socioeconómica y la densidad de población. RESULTADOS: Los cálculos de la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad combinados diferían según el sistema (varones: IOTF = 8,5%, CDC = 10,8%, OMS = 14,1%; mujeres: IOTF = 14,6%, CDC = 13,8%, OMS = 17,1%; P < 0,001). La asociación entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad combinados y la edad y el sexo también variaban según el sistema de clasificación. Las probabilidades de tener sobrepeso y obesidad en los niños (de 5 a 10 años) en comparación con los adolescentes (de 11 a 18 años) fueron: IOTF, razón de posibilidades (OR) = 0,87 e intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC) 0,77-0,98; CDC, OR = 1,27 e IC 1,14-1,42; OMS, OR = 1,21 e IC 1,08-1,35. Los valores observados en las mujeres en comparación con los varones fueron: IOTF, OR = 1,84 e IC 1,6-2,10; CDC, OR = 1,33 e IC 1,17-1,51; OMS, OR = 1,25 e IC 1,12-1,41. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una falta de uniformidad entre los tres principales sistemas internacionales en la evaluación del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes. Se obtienen cálculos apreciablemente diferentes de la prevalencia y de las asociaciones con la edad y el sexo según el sistema que se adopte. Los estudios futuros deben evaluar hasta qué punto cada sistema refleja adecuadamente mediciones válidas de la composición corporal.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Body Mass Index , Obesity/classification , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/classification , Overweight/epidemiology , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Prevalence , United States , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
Objective: This study was aimed at comparing cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), measured as VO2 max, amongst school children exposed to varying levels of particulate matter (PM10), and air pollution in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; it involved 1,045 children aged 7-12 attending four public schools served by different public transit routes and systems. Three schools were classified as being highly polluted (HP) and one slightly polluted (SP). The children and their parents were surveyed to collect data regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity habits and respiratory disease background. Objective measurements of weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index. VO2max was estimated using the 20-meter shuttle-run test, previously validated for Bogotá. Spirometry was performed on 435 children. Results: After adjustment for covariates, no difference was found in VO2max between children attending SP or HP schools (girls SP 45.8 ml/kg/min vs HP 44.6 ml/kg/min, p=0.11; boys SP 47.2 ml/kg/min cf HP 48.2 ml/kg/min, p=0.41). Conclusions: VO2max levels did not differ amongst children attending schools exposed to high compared to low levels of air pollution and PM. A longitudinal study assessing children’s VO2max levels in relation to exposure to highly-polluted areas is warranted.
Objetivo: Comparar el acondicionamiento cardiorespiratorio medido como VO2 máximo en niños escolarizados expuestos a diferentes niveles de PM10 en Bogotá. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 1045 niños de 7-12 años de 4 colegios públicos con diferentes corredores viales y sistemas de transporte público. Tres colegios tenían alta contaminación (AC) y uno baja contaminación (BC). Se aplicó una encuesta a niños y padres sobre características sociodemográficas, actividad física, antecedentes de enfermedades respiratorias y salud. Se midió objetivamente peso y talla para calcular el índice masa corporal. El VO2 máximo se estimó con la prueba de Leger validada para Bogotá. Se realizaron espirometrias en 435 niños. Resultados: Después de ajustar por covariables, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el VO2 máximo de los niños en colegios con BC ò AC. (Niñas BC: 45,8ml/kg/min vs. AC: 44,6ml/kg/min; p=0,11, niños BC: 47,2ml/kg/min vs. AC: 48,2ml/kg/min; p=0,41). Conclusión: No se encontraron diferencias en el VO2 máximo de los niños que asistían a los colegios de AC ó BC. Se recomienda un estudio longitudinal que evalúe los niveles de VO2 máximo en los niños expuestos a áreas altamente contaminadas.